Which of the following is a symptom of endocarditis?

• A. Heart valve problems.
• B. Frequent migraines.
• C. Cough with green sputum.
• D. Lower back pain.

Answer: (B)

Endocarditis is an infection that primarily involves the inner lining of the heart and most often the heart valves. When valves are affected, they can develop dysfunction, leading to a new or changing heart murmur and signs of valvular insufficiency or stenosis. Because of this valvular involvement, “heart valve problems” (such as a new or changing murmur) are a classic symptom of endocarditis. Frequent migraines are not related to endocarditis, and a cough with green sputum suggests a respiratory infection rather than an infection of the heart valves. Lower back pain is nonspecific and not a characteristic feature of endocarditis.